Modern slavery in global value chains: A global factory and governance perspective

‘Modern slavery’ describes various forms of severe relational labour exploitation. In the realm global value chains and factories that are led by multinational enterprises, modern slavery encompasses practices such as forced debt bondage. Multinational enterprises organise orchestrate into highly adaptive to market pressures changes in external environment. We employ factory framework conceptualise when how become more vulnerable slavery. argue combinations three chain characteristics: complexity, appropriation arrangements, obligation cascadence, jointly form an environment which can evolve take root. The degree visible recognisable depends on particular combination these characteristics. External factors moderate relationship between (e.g. involvement non-governmental organisations) or exaggerate their effect a pandemic).